Guangzhou Steel used in construction abroad
The proportion of total steel production of construction steel
The total amount of construction steel in China accounts for about 20% to 25% of the total steel production, while industrialized countries accounted for more than 30%. Such as the US and Japan, the indicators have been more than 50%. In China, the steel is mainly used in building construction steel, reinforced concrete with steel strand, steel, doors and windows, of which only about 10% of the steel structure of steel in China's steel production of one hundred million tons, also true for steel structures 200 to 300 million tons.
Guangzhou Steel According to some data from the US metal building industry distribution, the development and the market fundamentals of the US metal construction industry are: 50,60, 70,80 in the 20th century and the 1990s, millions of dollars in annual sales / in the processing of tons of annual capacity respectively 150 / 30,300 / 65,1200 / 110,1500 / 125 and 2200/190. As can be seen, the US architectural metal sales increased rapidly, has estimated that more than 2.5 billion US dollars, the annual processing capacity has reached more than 2 million tons.
Low-rise, multi-storey building of steel and light steel structure
American Metal Market Building Distribution: Industrial (production plants, warehouses and auxiliary facilities, etc.), commercial (shopping malls, hotels, exhibition halls, hospitals, office buildings, etc.), community (private and public buildings such as community centers and schools, stadiums, libraries, churches, etc.), and other aspects of the comprehensive, respectively, accounted for 46%, 31%, 14% and 9% share.
With steel in the United States, low-rise buildings is very common. The so-called means-storey low-rise buildings is less than 18m, the number of layers of not more than five layers of industrial plants, warehouses, offices and other offices and community buildings, of which 70 per cent or less of the two non-residential building construction.
Light steel construction in some developed countries has been widely used in factories, warehouses, stadiums, exhibition halls, supermarkets and other buildings. Refers to the so-called light steel color plate as the roof and walls to make thin-walled steel purlins and ring beam to weld "H" shaped cross section was master beam, bolted or welded splice site of the main portal frame structure a construction, which together with parts, fasteners, doors and windows of buildings form a relatively complete system, namely the lightweight steel structures. This system consists of factory production, on-site assembly formed as required. With light weight, short construction period, adaptable, beautiful appearance, low cost, easy maintenance. Due to light weight, but also reduces the cost basis. Foreign light steel manufacturers such as Butler, BHP, ABC and so has entered the Chinese market.
Tall and super tall steel
Due to human cultural life of continuous improvement of high-level, large-span building requirements also increasing. The steel itself has a light weight, high strength, fast construction and other unique advantages, so the high-level, large-span, especially the super-tall, large span steel structure is ideal. Currently the world's highest, is the largest structure of steel, while the venues of the Olympic Games also use more steel. The world has built several pure steel building is the world's tallest high-rise building at present. They are:
Built in 1931 the 102-story, 381m of the Empire State Building in New York; 1969 completed 110-story, 417m of the New York World Trade Center (the North-South two); built in 1970, the 110-story, high 443m of Chicago Sears Adams Building; built in 1996 of 450m high twin towers Malaysia oil Building and the like.
Giant steel high-rise or high-rise building a brand new system, which is to meet the specific features or a combination of functions arising. It has good adaptability and potential construction of efficient structural performance, the structure is a promising development.
Large span steel structure
Most large-span or large span steel structure, of course, also useful for "film" done, but the inflatable membrane due to some shortcomings in recent years rarely used, tensile membrane is also required cables and steel rod support.
Large span steel structure used for multifunctional stadiums, convention and exhibition center, exhibition hall, lounge, hangars and so on. The earliest span largest flat-panel grid is the 1960s American University of California, Los Angeles Coliseum (91m × 122m of Pyramid). Shell is the largest two-tier network in the United States in the 1970s built the dome of the universe Houston (Astrodome, diameter 196m) and the New Orleans Superdome (Superdome, diameter 207m). 1990s in Nagoya, Japan, and the construction of the world's largest single-span reticulated shells, construction diameter 229.6m, structure diameter 187.2m, three-dimensional grids, the node is able to withstand the axial force and moment of rigid joints. The world's largest indoor stadium in the United States 1996 Olympic main stadium Atlanta Stadium (quasi-elliptic plane, 186m × 235m), uses a roof tensegrity system, mainly by cable, rod, film composition, is the most promising a new spatial structure. Fukuoka, Japan in 1993 built the stadium, the diameter of 222m, is today the largest steel roof opening and closing, built in 1989, leaving the Toronto Sky Dome (Skydome, diameter 203m) down to the second largest span in the world opening and closing structure. 300m over the entire roof structure using steel plate and steel composition is not the optimal solution, recent studies are more successful hybrid (mixed) structure in which the rod, cable, film mix.
The most typical example is the turn of the century Millennium Dome (TheMilleniumDome), the museum is located in the south bank of the Thames in Greenwich, London, UK, is the world's largest span roof dome cool like a flying saucer, the diameter of 320m. Of course, from a theoretical point of view, then a large span structures are possible to achieve, in reality can be achieved should be further researched, but in terms of the bridge, 1000m around the span has been achieved, the longest span cable-stayed bridge in the world the Tatara bridge in Japan (total length 890m); the largest suspension bridge for Japan's famous stone bridge (1991m), the largest highway and railway dual-span bridge in Hong Kong's Tsing Ma bridge (suspension bridge 1377m). The world's first suspension hyperbolic paraboloid roof is a famous American mine in athletics hall.
In addition, the Olympic Games, fairs and so can show the level of development of steel structures. As of 1972 Munich, Germany (covering 74,800 m2 stadium cable network buildings), 1976, Montreal, Canada, 1980 Moscow, 1984 Los Angeles, 1988 Seoul, South Korea (120m diameter gymnasium and 93m diameter Fencing is Cable Dome ), 1992 Barcelona, Spain to St. Joe Stadium (128m), 1996 in Atlanta, Georgia dome (186m × 235m cable dome), the main stadium in Sydney, Australia in 2000 (11 million people, two 220m × 70m of hyperbolic paraboloid shells network ).
Guangzhou Steel and airport hangar belong to large-span structure in the project are basically steel structure. Such as London Heathrow hangar (one or two) should be relatively large-scale projects. The capital of China in recent years built hangar (2-153m × 90m) uses three diagonal square pyramid grids, grid plate welded spherical joints, which span a large scale, is among the best in the world. Airports steel roof on the building due to the requirements is relatively high, it is colorful. Hong Kong Airport, Malaysia Airports have a large area network shell monomer form.
At present, the international community and our country are a popular wavy surface, as well as three-dimensional truss system of the tree supporting direct intersection of intersecting nodes. It looks magnificent and beautiful. Our Shenzhen Airport, Beijing Capital International Airport, Shanghai Pudong International Airport is a typical example.
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