Scope of application of steel structure engineering
Steel is widely used in building structures. Steel structure engineering is generally used for high-rise, long-span, complex structure, large load or crane, structure with large vibration, high movement requirements or frequent assembly and disassembly. Intuitively, buildings, stadiums, opera houses, bridges, TV towers, sculptures, warehouses, workshops, houses, mountain buildings and temporary buildings all conform to the characteristics of steel structure engineering itself.
What are the application scope of steel structure engineering?
In the early stage, conception, comparison and selection are flexible and useful. The resulting structural scheme is usually easy to calculate manually, with clear mechanical behavior and accurate qualitative accuracy. It can prevent unnecessary tedious calculation in the stage of structural analysis. It is also the main basis to judge whether the output data of computer internal force analysis is reliable based on spatial frame processing. Steel structure engineering includes frame, plane truss, space frame (shell), cable membrane, light steel, tower and other construction methods. Most of its theories and skills are mature. There are also some local problems that have not been handled well or there are no simple and applicable design methods, such as spatial frames such as reticulated shells. In industrial plants, when there is a large suspension load or a large moving load, it can be considered to abandon the portal frame and adopt the spatial frame. According to the area with high snow pressure, the roof curve shall be conducive to snow sliding (without considering the snow load outside the 50 degree tangent). For example, the limestone warehouse shed of the cement plant adopts three core circular reticulated shell, which releases nearly half of the total snow load compared with the slope top. Areas with heavy rainfall are similar to thinking. During construction, it will be more economical to insert braces in the frame than the frame connecting only simple nodes. In the construction with large roof covering span, the suspension cable or cable membrane construction system with tension of main components can be selected.
In the engineering design of high-rise steel structures, steel-concrete composite structures are often used. In high-rise buildings with high or irregular seismic intensity, the method of seismic middle pipe plus outer frame should not be simple and economic. The structural system surrounding giant SRC columns and intermediate braced frames should be selected. More than half of such senior managers are the former. The layout of the structure shall comprehensively consider the distribution and nature of the characteristic load of the system. Generally speaking, the stiffness should be average, the mechanical model should be clear, and the influence of large load or moving load should be controlled as much as possible, so that it can be directly transmitted to the foundation through a straight line. The distribution of anti lateral bracing between columns shall be uniform, and its center of mass shall be as close to the action line of lateral force (wind and earthquake) as possible. Otherwise, you should consider structural changes. The opposite structure of the structure shall have multiple ground defenses. For example, with a braced frame structure, the columns should be able to withstand at least 1 / 4 of the total force alone. Placing a secondary beam on the plan of the frame structure can sometimes adjust the load transfer offset to meet different requirements. In order to reduce the section, insert the secondary beam along the short direction, which will increase the section of the main beam and reduce the clear height of the floor. The side pillars of the top floor are sometimes not eaten. At this time, supporting the secondary beam on the shorter main beam can sacrifice the secondary beam to protect the main beam and vertical beam
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